Narrative adalah cerita khayal yang bertujuan menghibur pembaca. Tentu yang namanya cerita khayal itu ya belum tentu keberannya karena bisa jadi itu hanyalah imaginasi atau cerita fiktif yang dibuat oleh seseorang atau cerita buatan sekelompok masyarakat yang tida terbukti kebenarannya. Contoh narrative yaitu, Cinderella, Sangkurian, Snow White, Rabbit and Crocodile, dsb. Untuk penjelasan lebih rinci silahkan baca penjelasan berikut.
Definition of Narrative Text
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people. (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang).
Generic Structure of Narrative Text
# Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
# Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
# Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, secara baik “happy ending” ataupun buruk “bad ending”.
# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story (moral value).
Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi: Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.
Purpose of Narrative Text
– The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.
The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative Text:
– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
– Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc)
– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present tense.
Jenis-jenis Narrative Text
Narrative text bisa berbentuk imajiner atau pun faktual. Berikut adalah contoh genre dari Narrative text:
- Fairy tale (cerita peri)
- Mystery (cerita misteri)
- Science fiction (cerita ilmu pengetahuan)
- Romance (cerita percintaan)
- Horror (cerita horor)
- Fable (cerita hewan-hewan)
- Myth and legend (mitos dan legenda)
- History (cerita sejarah)
- Slice of life (penggalan kisah kehidupan)
- Personal experience (cerita pengalaman seseorang)
- dan lain sebagainya
Adapun ciri-ciri dari legenda adalah sebagai berikut:
- Sebuah cerita yang dianggap benar-benar pernah terjadi
- Terjadi pada masa yang belum begitu lampau atau lama. Biasanya manusia menjadi tokoh utama dalam cerita.
- Sejarah kolektif (folk history), karena biasanya tidak tertulis maka isi cerita banyak mengalami distorsi dan sering kali jauh berbeda dengan kisah aslinya.
- Bersifat migrasi, yaitu berpindah-pindah sehingga dikenal luas di daerah yang beda.
- Bersifat siklus, yaitu ekelompok cerita yang berkisar pada suatu tokoh atau kejadian tertentu
THE LEGEND OF BANYUWANGI
Once upon a time, there was a local ruler named King Sulahkromo. The king had a Prime Minister named Raden Sidopekso. The Prime Minister had a wife named Sri Tanjung. She was so beautiful that the king wanted her to be his wife.
One day, the King sent his Prime Minister to a long mission. While the Prime Minister was away, the King tried to get Sri Tanjung. However he failed. He was very angry. Thus, when Sidopekso went back, the King told him that his wife was unfaithful to him. The Prime Minister was very angry with his wife. Sri Tanjung said that it was not true. However, Sidopekso said that he would kill her.
He brought her to the river bank. Before he kill her and threw her into the river, she said that her innocence would be proven. After Sidopekso killed her, he threw her dead body into the dirty river.
The river immediately became clean and began to spread a wonderful fragrance. Sidopekso said, “Banyu…Wangi… Banyuwangi”. This means “fragrant water”. Banyuwangi was born from the proof of noble and sacred love.
THE LEGEND OF SURABAYA CITY
A long time ago, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.
Once Sura and Baya were looking for some food. Suddenly, Baya saw a goat. Yummy, this is my lunch; said Baya.
No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy; said Sura. Then they fought for the goat. After several hours, they were very tired.
Feeling tired of fighting, they lived in the different places. Sura lived in the water and Baya lived in the land. The border was the beach, so they would never fight again.
One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura broke the promise.
They fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya’s tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally gave up and went back to the sea. Baya was happy.
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